Annotated newspaper

Different types of newspapers

National Newspapers

   

Contain some national and 

international news, but focus on 

news relating to a specific area of the 

country. 

The Sussex Times 

South West Mercury 

Regional Newspapers

Contain some national and 

international news, but focus on 

fairly local news topics in detail.  

Usually based around towns, cities or 

groups of villages. 

Bath Chronicle 

Bristol Evening Post 

Local Newspapers

A newspaper which covers news 

across the whole country, together 

with international news. 

The Daily Express 

The Guardian  

The Sun 

Tabloid Newspapers

The largest type of newspaper!  

Cover all national and international 

news, often in a serious or formal 

way. 

The Times 

The Telegraph 

The Guardian 

The Independent 

  

Broadsheet Newspapers

The largest type of newspaper!  

Cover all national and international 

news, often in a serious or formal 

way. 

The Times 

The Telegraph   

The Guardian 

Regulation of press

The PCC is an independent self-regulatory body which deals with complaints about the editorial content
of newspapers and magazines (and their websites). We keep industry standards high by training journalists
and editors, and work pro-actively behind the scenes to prevent harassment and media intrusion. We can
provide pre-publication advice to journalists and the public and have published advice on dealing with
media attention after a death.
Contempt of court is a court order which, in the context of a court trial or hearing, declares a person or organization to have disobeyed or been disrespectful of the court's authority. Often referred to simply as "contempt," such as a person "held in contempt," it is the judge's strongest power to impose sanctions for acts which disrupt the court's normal process. This could effect newspapers in the sense that if the y cover a story, they need to make sure that they don't breach the law when doing so.
Phone hacking is also a large ethical issue in which some newspapers have been known for getting involved in. Some newspapers have used phone hacking to get additional information from phones from people of interest, such as celebrities. The main ethical issue with phone hacking is simply that it invades somebody's personal device and finds out information that is either personal or that is supposed to remain between two people, this invasion of privacy came as a shock to most when the phone hacking scandal was brought to light.
Defamation is the communication of a statement that makes a claim, expressly stated or implied to be factual, that may give a bias representation of something, this is a large part of newspapers as they are sometimes seen as taking sides in a story.

regulation of film

The BBFC ( British Board of Film Classification ) are a independent, self-financing and not-for-profit media content regulator. They operate transparent, consistent and trusted co-regulatory and self-regulatory classification and labelling systems in the UK. They try to

• protect  the public, and especially children, from content which might raise harm risks

• empower the public, especially parents, to make informed viewing choices

• recognise and respect adult freedom of choice within the law

• respond to and reflect changing social attitudes towards media content through proactive public consultation and research

• provide a cost-effective, efficient classification service within our statutory remit

• work in partnership with the industry to develop innovative service models to provide content advice which support emerging media delivery systems
• provide an effective service to enforcement agencies

They do this by almost categorizing all of the films submitted to them into these categories

• U   -   Suitable for all
• PG   -   Parental guidance
• 12A   -   suitable for ages 12 and over
• 12   -   suitable for ages 12 and over
• 15   -   suitable for ages 15 and over
• 18   -   suitable for adults only
• R18   -   To be shown only specially licensed cinemas, or supplied only in licensed sex shops, and to adults of not less than 18 years.

textual analysis on shropshire star

The images used in the Shropshire star are a lot smaller, when compared to the top newspapers but it is doing very well for its budget. Pictures cost a lot more to print than text simply because it uses alot more ink to prink than just ordinary text. This is why the larger newspapers with a larger budged can afford to print more pictures and larger pictures. Pictures are a large part of a newspaper because it adds a lot of character to them, when you think of a story in the newspaper it is often the picture that is used to represent the story that you remember the most. Pictures are also very useful because they make the newspaper significantly less boring, although there is still allot of text, pictures space it all out and it is better than having pure text across every page.
The Shropshire star newspaper was also the first to use colour printing in its stories 4 months after its release. This added even more depth to the pictures and made the paper even less boring and the now coloured pictures stuck even firmly into your head. This as you can imagine was increadibly expensive but also pushed the newspaper to new hights.
The shropshire star as well as being very individual is very constitutional in the way that it is presented. It is constitutional because the majority of the text is black, The headers and sub-headers are larger, important and emphasis is shown by underlining, Columns are used, lines are used to separate text, colour i used to draw attention and pictures are used to draw attention. In most newspapers, the majority of the text is black, this is seen as the standard colour and black ink is cheaper than colour. Headers and sub-headers have always been larger than the normal text simply because it is of allot more importance than the text, the headers need to stand out to seperate the story from previous ones and to give you an idea what the story is about, sub=headers also need to be larger because they underline to stories meaning. Underlining is very common in newspapers because it is another way in which they can make  part of a text more important and stand out more than the others. Columns are used to try and not make the text blend together and to try and space it out. They are a very important part of any newspaper because they are used to separate stories and to make the newspaper look more spaced out, more neat and more professional. Lines/rules are used to separate text when it is needed to try and make the newspaper spread look more professional and to try and help the reader separate the stories. Colour and pictures are also used to almost add importance to some stories so you know that they are worth reading , if you could see two stories, one just black text and the other with colour, and pictures, you would instantly want to read the coloured picture first because you would think that if they put the effort to add a picture and to add colour, then it must be worth reading allot more than the story that they did not.

Shropshire star essay

The shropshire star is a regional newspaper in the UK and it covers the whole of shropshire, herefordshire, parts of herefordshire, worcestershire, cheshire, the llangollen area and northern Powys in the UK. The newspaper is made, printed and distributed 6 days a week. The paper now costs 42p but has been cheaper in the past. The newspaper can be bought at almost every news-agent, supermarket or garage, this means that the paper is easily bought and read. The shropshire star has many editions, these including  county, south, north, west and east. The shropshire star also has many stories inside and this makes is very good value for money. It is also possible to pay for the paper to be delivered to your house 6 days a week and this furthers the interest as it is no longer an effort to buy and collect. The actual newspaper consist of many things, including stories, advertisements, jobs, venues and many others.
The shropshire star is owned by the Midland news association, which is a very well known company as they own many other newspapers and radio stations. The Midland news association has newspapers such as the shrewsbury chronicle and the Market Drayton advertiser.
The newspaper was also the first post war evening newspaper, this effected almost everything about the newspaper, its popularity, its stories, it style, it effected everything. Its first edition was released on the 5th October 1964. This also opened up for other opportunities for the newspaper, this included the chance to become a leading newspaper and very influential one. The Shropshire star then started to use a very more effective way of printing, this used a roller that had the images and text printed onto it and then the paper was simply passed over it, this ended up being a much more effective and cheap way of printing the newspaper than the standard hot metal typesetting, which had to have each letter placed into a mould and then printed out.
Another convention of the shropshire star is that it is a very popular website, it was the very first newspapers to have its own website and this made it very influential as the other newspapers had to try and keep up with the trend setting newspaper it has more than 180,000 people visiting it every month. The website also includes allot of additional information like stats on the amount of people that visit the website and the stats on its success , these are good additions to the website because it makes the newspaper look good, not only because of the actual stats but because of the effort they went through to find them out
The circulation of the shropshire star was more than 55,000 for january 2012. There is also allot of statistics on the audience that can be accessed through the website, these starts include the amount of adults, men, women and different age groups buy the paper and stats on what each person does, this includes how they get their newspaper. For example, The total readership was 139927 adults, 82% of these readers have their papers home delivered. With 71370 being Men and 68558 being Women. This information is not needed but it is nice to be able to see.The shropshire star is in a tabloid format, which is typically what a newspaper looks like. The paper is not considered a top end newspaper and for this you get a very good quality news paper. The newspaper nowadays is colour but it has not always been so, the first colour edition of the star was released in march 1967, this was a huge convention because it had never been done before, the picture could not have been more appropriate because it was one of the queen s she came to visit shropshire. The very large picture of the queen was very memorable.
Most of local newspapers front page headlines are big new that wont only effect the county, they are usually stories that effect the whole country, this adds importance to them and it makes the newspaper seem more legit. 

History of Slasher

A ' slasher ' is a sub-genre that originated from horror. They are similar to Horrors but they typically involve more graphical violence and gore. For instance not many slashers will have a clean kill involving a gun, they will have more gory kills including weapons like knifes, axes, chainsaws and many others that do not offer a quick easy death. Slasher movies have been around since the 1930's and you could say that ' Thirteen Women ' ( 1932 ) was the first ever slasher movie.

Halloween was a very successful slasher movie that was made in 1978 and directed by ' John Carpenter '. The film was seen as an inspiration and was said to have revived the genre of horror. This was surprising as the film had a very small budget and it was only supposed to be shown for a few weeks. Halloween was the most successful independent horror film of all time and as a result of this many sequels have been made of it. Considering the fact that there was no advertising campaign, Halloween did very well and has seriously written its name down in history. One thing that made Halloween so successful is the sense of reality in it, because the ' monster ' never showed his face, this really scared the audience as they dont know if there could be someone that they know like that. The concept of the movie was inspired by Hitchcock's ' Psycho' were the monster in the movie looked normal but was deeply disturbed inside.

Another of the most famous slashers of all time is ' Friday the 13th ' which was directed by Sean Cunningham in 1980, Friday the 13th is one of many classic slasher movies that have a plot that involves some sort of 'idiotic teenager '. The movie was a great success and this came as a surprise to many. There were also 11 sequels made and it became one of the biggest franchises of all time. The special effects used in this film were one of a kind and this was due to Tom Savini's work, he was the special effects and makeup artist for this movie and it is him we can thank for the memorable 'over the top' violence and images. Savini was always trying to improve his skills and for this he is known for pushing the boundaries of slashers. 'Friday the 13th' was also known for having a 'suckerpunch' ending, This is because at the end of the movie, jason jumps out of the water and kills a woman.

The next movie that i am going to talk about is 'Scream'. Scream was made in 1996 and it was an american slasher that was directed by Wes Craven. Scream was a very successful slasher and it followed the typical conventions of a modern day slasher. In scream, there are almost rules that have been passed down from slasher to slasher. Rule number one, dont say your going to be back and wonder of on your own, your going to die. Dont have sex because you will also die and it is always the innocent virgin that lives. These 'rules' have been passed down from slasher to slasher and they are still very noticeable in slashers made today. The bad guy in this movie was 'ghostface' his mask is now a very popular sight around Halloween time as he has made such an impact in the industry that he has become one of the scariest bad guys of all time. One of the most scariest things about this movie is that the killer does not just kill randomly, he choses somebody and toys with them before they die. Before the killer kills his victim, he calls them on their phone, when they pick up he asks them what their favorite horror movie is, when they answer he asks them question about it and if they answer incorrectly, they lose their life. This was one of the firs movies with this type of psychological effect and as you can imagine, this scared teenagers around the world because of the realism that this could happen to them. Three sequels have been made of scream and parodies have been made too. both slashers and parodies of slashers have become allot more popular since.

The texas chainsaw massacre was based on a real life killer, Ed Gein. Leatherface, the bad guy in the movie, scared everybody all around the world simply because of how disturbed he was. He was known for digging up corpses from graveyards and using their body parts to make furniture and to make items of clothing. The memorable mask made of another humans face was scary enough for most teenagers. This movie also did so well because it had already been advertised due to everybody already knowing about Ed Gein and what he had done.

A nightmare on elm street was made in 1984 and was directed by Wes Craven. This movie was considered very scary because the bad guy would not only kill his victims, but he would stalk them before to see if he wanted to kill them, this was considered very scary because it brought to light the possibility of stalking and showed how easy it would be. This movie was based on one of Wes's own memories, the idea came about when Wes was a child and he said that a man was standing outside his window staring at him for ages

The Devil Rides out

‘The Devil Rides Out is a British movie made by Hammer Film Productions in 1968.  In the United States it was released under the title ‘The Devils Bride’.  It is based on the 1934 novel by Dennis Wheatley.  It is only 96 minutes long which is relatively short by todays standards and was rated X which is the same as todays 18.  The movie was reviewed in 1993 by the BBF and was given a rating of 15.

The movie was first proposed in 1963 but the making of it only took place four years later.  This was due to censorship worries over Satanism.  The movie revolves around a satanic cult and also makes references to black magic.  Production finally began on the 7th of August 1967.

Christopher Lee, plays a French nobleman Duc Nicholas De Riheleau living in the English countryside.   After the arrival  of his friend Rex Van Ryn (Leon Greene)  and Simon Aron (Patrick Mower) the plot centers around his concern for Simon and his bizarre behavior.  His concern is justified as unless he can save his friend, Simon will lose his soul to Satan within 3 days.  Drastic measures are required.  This is a story of the battle between the good and the forces of evil.

Satanic images and red flames accompany the opening credits.  Both the credits and movie are shot in colour .  The filming is quite shaky in parts following the cast as if walking alongside them bringing us closer into the movie.

Rex Van Ryn arrives on what appears to be a summers day.  Its not dark and foggy as you would expect of a horror but blue skies and tweeting birds.  By contrast when they arrive at Simons house its dark.  The long shot of the house and the dramatic music give it a sinister appearance.  Inside the house its again lit quite brightly with a gathering of the ‘astronomical society’ accompanying Simon.  Greetings and introductions are made though it soon becomes clear things are not as they seem as they are asked to leave.  Its made clear to the audience that 13 guests only should be present and that doesn’t include them.  Before they leave Nicholas wanders around the guests.  They come from all different countries , a very strange group for the English countryside!  On their way to the door they make a detour to the observatory .  The eerie music that starts and stops suddenly accompanys the discovery of hidden chickens.  ‘chickens in a basket, signs on the floor! Does this mean something to you?’ asks Rex ‘it means Simon here is playing the most dangerous game to mankind!’ Nicholas tells!  The game is up!  The astronomical society is not that at all.

Drastic action must be taken and with one punch square on Simons chin they kidnap him and make their escape.  The light reflecting off the mirror reflected directly into  Simons face as he’s being hypnotized is accompanied with slow chimes giving even this harmless scene a sinister feel.  Simon in a trance has a cross placed around his neck and sent to rest.  Hocus Pokus, mumbo jumbo, black majic!  Rex is mocking of their discovery but as Nicholas explains the camera shot zooms into his face showing the seriousness and severity of his words.  He leans forward in his chair to emphasise his words ‘the power of darkness is more than just a superstision it’s a living force that can be tapped into at any given moment  of the night’!  A shot out of the window shows us its late at night and deep menacing music begins.  Simons eyes open suddenly and he begins to choke himself with the chain of the pendant.  The music gets louder and louder then stops suddenly as the  Butler enters.  The pendant is removed and Simon escapes.

A contrast from the bright daytime shot that opened this movie the lighting is now dim causing eerie shadows.  The menacing music accompanies the two as they search Simons house for him.  The clock chimes in the background as they slowly move up to the observatory making it feel creepy.  The air gets colder.  As they walk through the door the music is quiet and as they look around it fades out completely.  It gives the game away that nothing scary is going to happen here.

Nicholas is very knowledgable about black magic and continues to explain their rituals step by step to Rex.  The temperature drops, the loud music begins and smoke starts to come out of the sign on the floor. The lights dim and a figure appears in front of them.  ‘Don’t look him in the eyes’ !  Rex fails to follow this advice and begins to walk stiffly as if being controlled towards the figure.  By throwing the pendant onto the sign on the floor the spell is broken and the figure disappears. The lights come back on and they run for their lives.

If Rex thought it was nonsense before he is now a believer.  Nicholas  continues to explain their rituals and how at risk Simon is.   Macata is a master of the highest grade has Simon in his hands!  The baptism of Simon is to take place in just 24 hours and after that he will be lost forever.  They must find the girl.  Rex must take Tanith to a safe place as Nicholas  researches occult literature.

A bright sunny day once again with the sounds of birds and the approaching car with Rex and Tanith.  As Rex greets their hosts Tanith escapes in his car.  With the dramatic statement ‘I must take your car, Simons life depends on it’ Rex gives chase.  Eerie chimes and Macatas voice inside her head tell Tanith not to worry she will escape and Rex crashes his car.  He has though managed to find where they are gathering. 

The light is beginning to fade and loud drums and crashing cymbols begin as the sadanists begin their baptism.  Simon and Tanith stand near by as a goat is sacrifced.  The others cheer as its blood begins to flow.  They dance wildly and drink what we assume is its blood.  Dressed all in white they are easy to see in the clearing in the forest and our heroes watch them from the trees.. Tamith and Simon watch in a bewildered state watched over by Macata. 

The Devil appears behind a screen of smoke and their baptism begins.  If only there was some light Nicholas says in a dramatic fashion and with that they shine the car headlights on the gathering. Devil disappears with a puff of smoke and dramatic flash.  In the confusion that follows wild punches are thrown and Simon and Tamith are rescued.

As Macata arrives to take back Tanith and Simon his plan is foiled and he leaves empty handed warning that something more sinister will return that night.  Preperations are made for when darkness comes. A storm brews.

 The lights dim and the wind howls outside. A giant spider is used to terrify our heroes as they stay protected within the circle.  The angel of death is sent to claim them all.  Close ups of the rearing horses hooves make us feel Simons fear as he lays looking up at them.  The angel of deaths face is revealed and Nicholas shouts a chant that makes it disappear. 

As Rex arrives with a dead Tanith the twist is revealed.  The dark angel didn’t leave with her but a sleeping child that was upstairs.  Using psychic and medium powers Nicholas is able to find out where she is.  As they race to save the child they find her about to be sacrificed in another ceremony.  As the child is about to be killed the spirit of tanith comes through Marie and halts the ceremony.  She guides the child in a chant that has the place erupting in flames.  Macata is taken and the child is saved.  Not just the child though as Tanith is also spared and returns to the living., The music is light and gentle and this time it really is all over.

In terms of special effects the technology we know today was not around at the making of this movie.  The music is strongly used to add tension and fear.   The relatively new green screen technology was used to help create the magical images    and the scenes in the car. The use of editing, reversing the film, and tight shots were used in scenes such as the spider scene and the the Angel of Death and helped make them frightening.

CREW;

Director – Terence Fisher, Screenplay – Richard Matheson, Based on the Novel by Dennis Wheatley, Producer – Anthony Nelson Keys, Photography – Arthur Grant, Music – James Bernard, Music Supervisor – Philip Martell, Special Effects – Michael Stalner-Hutchins, Supervising Art Director – Bernard Robinson. Production Company – Hammer/Seven Arts.

CAST;

Christopher Lee (Duc Nicholas de Richleau), Charles Gray (Mocata), Leon Greene (Rex Van Ryn), Niké Arrighi (Tanith Carlyle), Patrick Mower (Simon Aron), Sarah Lawson (Marie Eaton), Paul Eddington (Richard Eaton), Rosalyn Landor (Peggy Eaton)

The Ring

Based on the novel by Koji Suzuki, the psychological horror film ‘The Ring’ is a remake of the 1998 Japanese horror film ‘Ring’.  Dreamworks released ‘The Ring’ in 2002 and made $8.3 million dollars in its first two weeks.  Directed by Gore Verbinski the movie was a critical and commercial success.

A house stands alone on a dark and stormy night!  A predictable and classic beginning to a horror movie.  Inside the house two cute teenage girls, Becca and Katie, hang out.  They discuss the legend of a cursed video tape.  A video with such power that whoever views it dies seven days later! Katie admits to Becca that she has seen it and that even worse she’d seen it seven days ago!  Becca teases her and the girls fool around and laugh it off though Katie is obviously freaked out by it. 

Inevitably Katie does not get to see the 8th day! Flickering lights, white noise, the television switching itself on and off by itself, Eerie sound effects and Katies heavy breathing ensure that by the time Becca witnesses Katies horrific death, we, the audience, are on the edge of our seats.

Becca is being treated in a psychiatric ward and the focus of the movie moves to Katies funeral and her young cousin Aiden Keller.  Its dark outside and the rooms inside Katies house are dimly lit.  Outside Katies friends speak to Aidens mother, Rachel Keller, and the video and its curse is revealed once more! 

After some investigation into the existence of such a video Rachel finally gets her hands on a copy.  We watch with her as the tape begins.  The white noise grabs her attention, the strange images that seem to make no sense, the macabre content and sinister feel of the video has her confused and desperately trying to work out the meaning of these strange and unconnected images.  The phone rings …..’you will die in 7 days’. 

The legend lives on as Rachel shows the video to her x husband Noah. Disbelieving at first his own distorted image on  photographs since viewing the video has him convinced.  As their frantic investigation into the content of the video begins a small boy sits in front of a television screen and presses play on the video player.  Rachel is now fighting against time to save herself, Noah and now her own son Aidens life too.

As the story unravels we are completely mislead to believe the video is a cry for help from the spirit of a small girl called Samara Morgan. Her mother Anna Morgan who has had numerous miscarriages was desperate for a child though was a troubled soul and a patient in a psychiatric hospital.  Noah travels to the hospital to find Annas medical records and Rachel travels to the Morgan family home to speak to the father and husband Richard Morgan.

Here Rachel believes she finds out the truth and the reason for the video. A child loved by her mother but not by her father locked in the barn kept awake at night by noisy horses.  A mother so distraught by events she needs psychiatric help and is sent away with her daughter to a hospital.  Driven mad she later kills her own daughter and throws her body in the well.  The girl doesn’t die however and remains trapped, scared and alone in a deep dark place for seven days.  The childs body is recovered from the well and taken away for burial.  Noah and Rachel sit together relieved and happy to be alive. The discovery of this terrible secret and poor Samaras body sets both Rachel and Samara free and Rachel begins her 8th day!

We all begin to breathe easy, the puzzle has been solved.  As Rachel and Noah begin to relax so too does the audience.  The cold realization that its not over yet doesn’t only have Rachel filled with terror and fear but every viewer too. ‘what did you do that for’?  is not the expected response from Aiden as his mother tells him Samara is safe now and all will be well.  The look of horror on his face and the realization begins to sink in that this is not over.

As Rachel races to warn Noah the video begins to play in his apartment.  The television turns itself on which gets his attention and he watches intently as Samara walks closer and closer to the screen.  As she moves from the video into the real world, our world, the evil truth is revealed.  Rachel arrives too late, Noah does not reach his 8th day!

The truth slowly dawns on Rachel as she desperately tries to work out why she survived and Noah didn’t.  The audience also rack our brains for an explanation, could it be that she was spared because she released Samara?  No, it was simply because she made a copy of the video.  As she helps Aiden do the same it slowly dawns on him, and us, that this will never be over.

Throughout the entire film the lighting is dark and dim.  Even in the middle of the day there is rain or fog or dark clouds.  The colour is muted adding to the menacing feel of the movie.  The music is tense and slow with a low base tone to it which changes the mood of a scene instantly.  The most tense scenes are mostly silent, keeping the audience holding their breath and tense with the suspense of knowing something is about to happen. 

This movie isn’t an outright scary or gory movie though there are those ‘jump out of your skin’ moments, but is more subtle building up suspense and giving us smaller frights.  The fly coming out of the screen, the sudden phone ringing, the viewing of the video all are not very frightening on their own but within the context of the movie gives you goosebumps.  The reaction of the horse to Rachel and its gory demise as it leaps off the ferry, and the evil face of  Samara, and the distorted face of the deceased Noah provide us with plenty of visual horrors and add to the overall disturbing nature of this movie. 

The main characters have you hooked from the beginning. Rachel a feisty independent single mother.  A strong woman determined and brave. Noah her x husband by contrast more laid back and easy going.  And Aiden, an intense boy with wide dark eyes and solem face.  With the ability to see into the other world and draw events before they happen. Samara is virtually colourless, her skin so pale and her hair and eyes dark.  A pretty girl who looks vulnerable and lost at first but looking closer her slow movements and long lifeless hair give her a menacing look.  When she shows her true self in the scene with Noah  there is no sign of that lost child only evil.

An award winning movie and a legend that lives on …..

The cast:

* Naomi Watts as Rachel Keller

* Daveigh Chase as Samara Morgan

* Martin Henderson as Noah Clay

* David Dorfman as Aidan Keller

* Brian Cox as Richard Morgan

* Jane Alexander as Dr. Grasnik

* Amber Tamblyn as Katie Embry

* Lindsay Frost as Ruth Embry

* Rachael Bella as Rebecca 'Becca'

* Shannon Cochran as Anna Morgan

* Richard Lineback as Innkeeper

* Pauley Perrette as Beth

* Sara Rue as Babysitter

* Sasha Barrese as Teen Girl

* Adam Brody as Teen Boy

Frankenstein

Frankenstein is a 20th century film that was directed by James Whale in 1931. It was adapted from the play by Peggy Webling and the original novel by Mary Shelley. Universal pictures made the movie their own by adding elements into the film, these are things like the bolts in the side of the monsters neck, There are things that had to be changed from the novel for the movie. The film is just over 70 minutes long, this would have been seen as normal but when we compare that to the average modern movie at 90 minutes long we can see that it is actually significantly shorter. Frankenstein has lived on since it was released in 1931, Children still dress up as frankenstein for halloween today, this is very impressive as it has just celebrated its 75th anniversary.

In the film industry, sound had only been introduced to pictures for a couple of years when frankenstein came out, this made it one of the first films to successfully interpret sound into the film.

At the very start of the film, we do not jump straight into the story, instead we are taken onto what looks like the curtains of a theatre. We then see Edward Van Sloan come into the shot and he starts to give a 'friendly' warning about the picture. Edward Van Sloan is a very well know actor who is best known for his roles in Universals horrors. When Van Sloan is talking, he is very calm and collected, he clearly states what the audience is going to see, He then goes on the explain that the film might horrify you, this would start to make the audience feel uneasy as they have no idea how the picture is supposedly going to horrify them. The audience would have then start feeling even more uneasy when at the end of the speach, Van Sloan says ' we warned you '.

Then the movie starts, and the first thing that we see is the title screen, this includes the name of the producer ( Carl Laemmle Jr. ) and who the film is distributed by ( Universal Pictures). if we then look at the background of the title screen, we see that there is something that looks evil there, we see a pair of claws as if they are peeping over something, and we see something that looks like a demonic head with very large eyes, we can also see that there is strange lights coming out of the eyes of this 'thing'. This would make the audience start to feel tense because they have no idea what this is and if it is significant to the story, If we look at the title ' Frankenstein ', we can see that it is in some bold font that looks strangely normal, for a horror you would typically expect to see a scary font.The next title screen includes the names of the crew and the sound crew, we also see the names of all of the characters and the actors that play them, The only name that does not have an actors name next to it is the monster. This would make the audience think that this story might be real and that the monster might not actually be an actor with make-up on.

The whole movie is in Black and white because colour had not been introduced to films yet, This almost comes as an advantage to the film because you can se the high and low contrast shots alot better and you can see the shadows and intentional lighting better, The contrast and the shadows included in a shot really helps with the mood that the shot is supposed to set. The quality of the sound is also very average, this is simply because sound had not been introduced to films for long so the quality of the microphones were not very good.

The very first thing that we see is a shot of a graveyard, this does not set a very good mood for the audience at the start of the picture, a graveyard is a creepy and eery  destination and they are quite common in alot of horror films. There was quite alot of planning that went into filming this scene because there was very little opportunity for the crew to move the camera, this was not only because of the set, but also because the cameras back then were very large and very heavy. Panning was used quite alot in this film, this made the whole feature look alot smoother and not as jolty. In this scene we see a man digging up a grave and retrieving a coffin, this would have been seen as very shocking to the audience as they would never have seen anything like it before, also as the scientist talks about the body, the audience would have felt uneasy as the scientist seems to be taking some joy out of desecrating the grave. At the end of this scene there is a very smooth fade out which goes into the next scene, this is not seen much in this move, usually it just cuts to a black screen and then onto their next scene. The sound effects in this scene are not very realistic, if you listen closely you can hear that all of the creaks that the coffin makes are actually the same creak every time. This shows that the budged for this movie was not over the roof. When in the scene the scientist says ' we must find another brain ', the audience are very intrigued and very confused at the same time, it would make them think about what the scientist would want with a brain. Shadows are cleverly used in this scene and throughout the whole film, they show you details that you would never be able to spot if they had not been there, the cleverly placed shadows in frankenstein confuse us and make each shot alot more sophisticated. 

The next scene is one that is set in a House, in this scene we are introduced to a sub narrative, one about the romance between Henry Frankenstein and Elizabeth Lavenza ( Henry's fiance ). This is when we first find out that frankenstein was some sort of scientist and that he dropped out of university, and that something changed about frankenstein when he dropped out. When Frankenstein was at the university he had a interest in the human body and he had embarked on an experiment to put together a human body and to bring it to life. When he left, Frankenstein moved away from home to embark on this experiment and this became the most important thing for him. Whilst in the house of frankenstein we see that the microphones in this time where not as advanced as they are today, this is because we can tell when the actor gets further away because they become harder to hear.

The next scene is one in the lab, with Frankenstein and his assistant, 'Fritz'.  When we see the lab, we can almost instantly see that this is where frankenstein wants to bring the creature to life, this is simple because of all of the equipment that is around. There is no furnishing in the lab, this results in a very cold eery feel as there is no wallpaper, just stone bricks. In the background we can also see there is lightning, this adds to the thought that this is going to be the place where evil is performed. There then is a shot of frankenstein looking at the brain, This  shot is very shocking because he is looking at the brain with such amazement and he seems to be mesmerized by it. Frankenstein then turns on the machine, the machine makes alot of weird noises, like the start of a sci-fi film. We see alot of sparks and alot of electricity and hear loads of electricity sounds. The camera then pans up to ther rest of the lab and the rest of the buildings.  The next thing that we hear is frankenstein shout ' Don't touch that !', as he shouts this we can also hear a clap of thunder, This almost represents frankensteins anger and shows that he is almost evil and apart of this experiment. Frankenstein also boasts about keeping a human heart alive for three weeks on its own, this shows us that he is very passionate about his work and also very obsessive towards it. 

When we get a good look at the 'Monster of frankenstein', we can see that it has been covered, strapped down and buckles had been used,  This gives the audience the impression that the monster could be dangerous and that it needs to be restrained. We see the body being slowly lifted to the top of a tower, this confuses the audience greatly, they don't know where the body is going and why it is going there. We get the sense that something is happening when we hear alot more claps of thunder and when we see the electrical equipment going crazy with sparks and sounds very lively. When the body is slowly brought down, we see a close up of a quiver in the monsters hand, The scientist then shouts franticly.

In the next shot we see, Dr. Waldman ( Frankensteins old tutor ), who then goes on to warn frankenstein that the brain that was stolen from his laboratory was one of a criminal and therefor this creation will be no good. 

The next scene is when frankenstein hears the monster coming and opens the door for it, this is a very tense time for the audience because it will be the first time that they will see the monster. When we see the first sight of the monster, we see that he is slowly walking through the door backwards,  this creates a massive amount of tension to the audience because this shows that the monster is alive and that it is functioning, They also get very anxious because they do not yet see the monsters face. The camera then zooms in to the back of the head of the monster, This adds to the suspense because it makes it obvious that this is when we are going to see the monster for the first time. When the monster slowly turns around and reveals his face,  the audience would have been scared in the 1930's simply because this would be the first time that many of them would not have seen anything like this. When the monster shows his face, he is totally silent, with a dead expression on his face, this adds to the eeriness and to the suspense because the audience has no idea what the monster is going to do next. The expected thing for the monster do to is scream at the camera or grunt to scare the audience. Instead of this the monster just slowly walks forward looking confused like a lost child, then as frankenstein waves his hands in front of the monsters face, he gets scared and starts to lash out at the scientist out of self defense. This almost shows a different side to the monster than what the audience expected, due to the warning at the beginning of the film and due to the signs in the film up to this point, it shows the monster to be quite innocent and timid, but also shows that there is some bad in him as he used violence to retaliate. The monster is then dragged away into his cell pursued by fritz who then whips it with chains.

There then is black out where the only thing that we can hear is lots of bangs and smashes, we also hear some grunts and noises, this keeps the audience on edge and makes it sound like there is a struggle between some people. There is then a piercing scream that sounds like someone is being tortured, this would scare the audience as they have no idea what is going on to cause these sounds. As the door to the monsters cell is then opened we see the monster standing there alone, the monster seems out of breath and seems to be very angry and if we look closely we can see that there is a shadow of a hanging body in the background, when the shot changes as the doctor and frankenstein enter the monsters cell, you can see that the hanging body has disappeared, this could have been intentional by the producers to add to the mystery and the confusion of the audience, or it could have been unintentional and a genuine mistake by the film crew.

In the next scene we can see that the monster is lying back down on the table which he was brought back to life on, we can also see that Dr.Wldman is going to perform some sort of surgery on the monster. We know this because there is a shot of all of the surgical equipment that the doctor intends on using, unaware that the monster is waking up, the doctor prepares for the surgery and then we see a close up of the monsters eyes as they blink open. This is then quickly changed to a long shot where we see the monsters arm slowly creep up behind the doctor and the monster then goes and grabs the doctor, strangling him to death, this would have been considered a very violent scene in the 1930's and would have been very shocking. This shot then fades out to one of the monster walking down the stairs and out of the front door of the lab, were he is free to roam the outdoors. This would have also added to the suspense the audience was experiencing as this made them think about the monsters current situation, he was free to roam and encounter any un-expecting civilian. 

We then fade out to a scene of Henry's and Elizabeth's wedding. In this scene there is a very groundbreaking shot, this is the shot of all of the townspeople that have come to celebrate the wedding, for this shot the camera is placed on the back of a car that is driven slowly through the town, all of the townspeople are dancing and cheering and the choreography of the people is very impressive.

After this we cut to a scene a house out in the countryside, we see a little girl that has been left to play on her own. We then see the monster break out of the bushes, the monster then approaches the little girl. The little girl is wearing all light and pale colours and the monster is wearing all dark colours, this could be to try and show that the little girl is very pure and innocent and that the monster is evil. The girl then does something that would have come as a shock to the audience, she then tries to play with the monster. This would then prove even more that the girl is very innocent. They both go over to the side of a lake and start playing together. The little girl hands the monster some flowers and throws one in, making it float like a boat. The little girl then proposes to the monster that he tries, the monster does and when he runs out of flowers and gets aggravated, the monster then picks up the little girl and throws her into the lake.  this scene was of big concern to the film industry as it was seen as to graphic for the audience at this time.

We then cut back to the wedding, were Elizabeth is feeling down because Dr.Waldman has not returned from the lab to attend the wedding, she mentions the she thinks that there is something that is coming between them unaware that the monster has escaped. Word of the escape had then found its way to frankenstein and he locks Elizabeth in her room for safety. Whilst he is checking the house we see the monster quietly enter Elizabeths room via the window and sneaking up behind her without alarming her, we then cut back to frankensteins search around the house and we start to hear crashes and banging coming from Elizabeths room. We also hear screams and noises that sound like they are from the monster. Frankenstein then makes it to her room and opens the door, when he does we see that the monster has escaped back through the window and Elizabeth is left stunned. Frankenstein then goes on and says that he will destroy the monster for what he has done to elizabeth, this is an important part of the movie because it shows that deep down frankenstein actually cares about his love for Elizabeth more than his beloved experiment. 

The next shot that we see is one of a father carrying the lifeless body of his daughter through the streets of the celebrating people, as the father reaches his destination, with the townspeople behind him in shock, he proceeds to shout that his daughter has been murdered, They then go outside the house of frankenstein and tell him of the tragedy and say that they all need to go out and fight this monster. All of the towns men then proceed to light up alot of torches and go out looking for the monster, they go up into the mountains towards frankensteins lab and as they get closer and closer to the lab, the lighting gets dimer and dimer and there are more and more shadows appearing. This sets the intense mood to the audience and makes them think that a scary scene is about to come up. Frankenstein then wonders off from the rest of his group because he thinks that the monster is in a different direction. Then all of a sudden , the monster pops up from behind a rock right next to frankenstein, at this point the audience would have been very scared because it was very unexpected. In the next part of this scene, the monster and frankenstein fight, there is minimal camera movement throughout this ordeal but it still moves slightly to follow the action. The scientist is then knocked out by the monster and is dragged up to the lab. The rest of the towns men hear this ordeal and pursue the monster up to the lab. Shadows are used very cleverly in this per suet because as the men get closer and closer to the lab, their shadows and shadows of their weapons get bigger and bigger. This would have been used to make the group of men seem more intimidating and dominant. Frankenstein then wakes up as the monster has retreated inside the lab, there is then another struggle between the monster and his creator, this struggle ends up on the top balcony of the building and it results in the monster throwing Frankenstein over the banister and down onto one of the sails of the windmill and then to the floor. Considering the technology that was available in the 1930's, it looked very realistic and believable, this would have just made it even more shocking for the audience to watch. The townsmen then burn down the laboratory with the monster still inside. There is a long-shot of the whole building going up in flames, which would have been very tricky for the film editors to get right.

In the net scene We see Frankenstein, his father, Elizabeth and their servants enjoying a drink, we do not know if the monster had lived and escaped or if he died. This would even further make the audience think because it could still be out there, waiting to strike again.

The film then finishes and it cuts to the end credits, but instead of having a question mark after the monsters name, it actually says ' Boris Karloff' this would put the audiences mind at ease as they now know that the monster was actually being played by someone and that it is not real

The film Frankenstein represents different people differently depending on who it is and what social group that they are in. It represents the monster as an evil thing that does not have a heart. The audience would have expected the 'Monster' of the story-line to be this and to look terrifying so in this sense they met the audiences demands.

The different social groups are represented differently throughout the whole film, for example the Frankenstein family are the more wealthy social group as they dress well, they have a large house and they have servants. In contrast to this the townspeople are represented as the more common social group, this is through their cloths, their houses and the way that they act.

Universal Pictures is global company that was founded by Carl Laemmle in 1912. This American company holds many studios where films were produced, and Frankenstein was one of them. Universal didn't have a niche market at the time, but it was known for its Horror films. Frankenstein was actually produced by Laemmle's son, Carl Laemmle Jr. hence why they used Universal to shoot in and distribute the film. 

Frankenstein was released on the 4th of December 1931 and it made around 53,000 dollars in the first week after its release. The overall bugdet of the film was 291,000 dollars and it made a total gross of 12,000,000 dollars.

To advertise this film, they would have used many different methods, they would have used many posters, many radio adverts and plain and simple word of the mouth. One thing that thy were at a major disadvantage of was the opportunity to promote their film through trailers and tv advertisements. Frankenstein has now been released on DVD and has gone down in history, One of the best classical horror films.